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Moderator01 on Thursday, August 08 @ 10:22:48 SAST
Hierdie artikel handel kortliks oor die verskeie verklarings wat
oorweeg moet word wanneer ’n pasiënt oor slaaploosheid kla, en die praktiese roete
om tot by ’n verklaring (of diagnose) te kom. Dan word behandeling in algemene
praktyk tweërlei geskets, enersyds ooreenkomstig die verklaring (of diagnose) en
andersyds, gerig op die slaaploosheid as sulks.
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Moderator01 on Thursday, August 08 @ 10:20:01 SAST
The epidemiology and pathogenesis of obesity - where do we stand in 2002?
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Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that develops from the interaction of genetic, metabolic, social and behavioural factors.1 Large-scale epidemiological studies have established that obesity is an independent risk factor for several major diseases – among them coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain malignancies and musculoskeletal disorders.2 In the current health-care environment, the level of interest in the economic consequences of diseases and medical intervention is nearly as high as the interest in their health consequences.
Moderator01 on Thursday, August 08 @ 10:13:27 SAST
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HRT and Cardiovascular Disease (Part 1 and 2): Critical appraisal of observational trials
It is cardiovascular disease (CVD) and not cancer that is the major health concern for postmenopausal women. In fact 1 in 2 women will eventually die of heart disease or stroke, but only 1 in 25 women will die because of breast cancer. The incidence of heart disease, including coronary arterial disease and stroke, is rare in premenopausal women, yet with the changing hormonal status at the time of the menopause, an increase in potentially adverse cardiovascular risk factors is noted.
Moderator01 on Wednesday, August 07 @ 13:58:13 SAST
The main aims in the treatment of heart failure are to
improve the quality and quantity of life and for this there are two important
considerations:
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- The management of the major consequences of heart failure i.e. fluid retention and vasoconstriction.
- The management of associated problems such as systemic hypertension, angina, anaemia etc.
Moderator01 on Wednesday, August 07 @ 13:53:31 SAST
Transverse myelitis is an acute or subacute, generally
monophasic, inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord. The initial symptom is focal neck or
back pain, followed by various combinations of paresthesia, sensory loss, motor weakness,
and sphincter disturbance evolving within hours to several days. These may be mild sensory
symptoms only, or a devastating functional transection of the cord. Partial forms may
selectively involve posterior columns, anterior spinothalamic tracts, or one hemicord.
Dysesthesias may begin in the feet and ascend either symmetrically or asymmetrically,
earlier in one leg than in the other; these symptoms may initially raise a question of
Guillain-Barré syndrome, but involvement of the trunk with a sharply demarcated spinal
cord level indicates the myelopathic nature of the process.
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Transverse myelitis is an acute or subacute, generally
monophasic, inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord. The initial symptom is focal neck or
back pain, followed by various combinations of paresthesia, sensory loss, motor weakness,
and sphincter disturbance evolving within hours to several days. These may be mild sensory
symptoms only, or a devastating functional transection of the cord. Partial forms may
selectively involve posterior columns, anterior spinothalamic tracts, or one hemicord.
Dysesthesias may begin in the feet and ascend either symmetrically or asymmetrically,
earlier in one leg than in the other; these symptoms may initially raise a question of
Guillain-Barré syndrome, but involvement of the trunk with a sharply demarcated spinal
cord level indicates the myelopathic nature of the process.
Moderator01 on Wednesday, August 07 @ 13:47:56 SAST
Once the threshold elements have been fulfilled, one can
continue to the informational elements of consent. The term informed consent was initially
legal in origin, however, from a moral viewpoint, taking informed consent has less to do
with legal liability of disclosure and more to do with respecting the autonomous choice of
the patient. Morally, disclosure should include informing the patient that the reason for
taking informed consent is to facilitate the patient’s autonomy. The quality of
informed consent as a process is more important than the quantity of information
disclosed.
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Once the threshold elements have been fulfilled, one can
continue to the informational elements of consent. The term informed consent was initially
legal in origin, however, from a moral viewpoint, taking informed consent has less to do
with legal liability of disclosure and more to do with respecting the autonomous choice of
the patient. Morally, disclosure should include informing the patient that the reason for
taking informed consent is to facilitate the patient’s autonomy. The quality of
informed consent as a process is more important than the quantity of information
disclosed.
Moderator01 on Wednesday, August 07 @ 13:43:33 SAST
Diagnostic studies aim to provide the user with information in
order to cross thresholds beyond which the ‘diagnosis’ becomes highly probable.
If the probability of disease is, for instance, less than 5%, no further tests are
indicated and the patient is sent home. Likewise, if the probability is 90%, treatment is
initiated without any further testing. Typically, however, after a detailed clinical
history, the probability of disease is between 40 and 60% and now we need further tests to
increase or decrease the probability of disease.
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Diagnostic studies aim to provide the user with information in
order to cross thresholds beyond which the ‘diagnosis’ becomes highly probable.
If the probability of disease is, for instance, less than 5%, no further tests are
indicated and the patient is sent home. Likewise, if the probability is 90%, treatment is
initiated without any further testing. Typically, however, after a detailed clinical
history, the probability of disease is between 40 and 60% and now we need further tests to
increase or decrease the probability of disease.
Moderator01 on Wednesday, August 07 @ 13:38:14 SAST
As aptly conveyed in the above quotation, bacterial infections
remain a threat to mankind. As new antimicrobials continue to be developed, microbes
continue to evolve and find ways of counteracting these new drugs. This review will
address some pertinent points regarding lower respiratory infections as well as providing
the ASF data covering the period from July 2001 to December 2001.
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Moderator01 on Wednesday, August 07 @ 13:33:29 SAST
The course of general anaesthesia can be divided into three
phases: (1) induction, (2) maintenance, and (3) emergence. Inhalational anaesthetics are
particularly useful in the induction of paediatric patients unwilling to accept an
intravenous line or in patients of any age group with potentially difficult airways. In
contrast, adults often prefer rapid induction with intravenous agents, although the
non-pungency and rapid onset of sevoflurane have made a single-breath induction practical
for adults.
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